Create a Sentinel-2 RGB image

Query a cloud-free Sentinel-2 scene and render an RGB image from its public COG assets.

Tilebox indexes Sentinel-2 metadata and public asset locations in the open_data.aws_earth.sentinel2 dataset. In this guide, you query a cloud-free scene over Sandwich Harbour in Namibia, read a small window from its red, green, and blue Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs (COGs), and combine the bands into an RGB image.

Prerequisites

You have a Tilebox API key.
You have Python 3.11 or newer.

uv add tilebox shapely numpy pillow

Select a cloud-free scene

Define a small area around Sandwich Harbour and query Sentinel-2 Level-2A scenes from June 17, 2024. Select the result with the least cloud cover.

from shapely import box
from tilebox.datasets import Client, field

# west, south, east, north
area = box(14.42, -23.43, 14.58, -23.25)  # Sandwich Harbour, Namibia

collection = Client().dataset("open_data.aws_earth.sentinel2").collection("L2A")
scenes = collection.query(
    temporal_extent=("2024-06-17", "2024-06-18"),
    spatial_extent=area,
    filter=field("cloud_cover") < 1,
)

datapoint = scenes.sortby("cloud_cover").isel(time=0)
print(datapoint.stac_id.item(), datapoint.cloud_cover.item())

See Query open data metadata for broader temporal, spatial, and field-filtering patterns.

Resolve the RGB assets

Convert the datapoint into an asset collection:

from tilebox.datasets.assets import AssetCollection

assets = AssetCollection.from_datapoint(datapoint)

Read and combine the bands

Open the three COGs and read only the window that covers the area of interest. The bands share the same pixel grid, so you can fetch them concurrently and stack them directly.

import asyncio

import numpy as np
from tilebox.storage.aio import Client as StorageClient
from tilebox.storage.geotiff import window_from_bounds

async def read_rgb():
    storage = StorageClient()

    async def read_band(key):
        asset = assets[key]
        geotiff = await storage.open_geotiff(asset)
        window = window_from_bounds(geotiff, area.bounds, crs="EPSG:4326")
        raster = await geotiff.read(window=window)
        pixels = raster.data[0].astype(np.float32)
        return pixels * asset.raster.scale + asset.raster.offset

    red, green, blue = await asyncio.gather(
        read_band("red"),
        read_band("green"),
        read_band("blue"),
    )
    return np.stack((red, green, blue), axis=-1)

rgb = asyncio.run(read_rgb())

The asset metadata supplies the scale and offset that convert stored pixel values to surface reflectance.

Render the RGB image

Apply a display stretch, gamma correction, and a small contrast clip, then save the array as a PNG:

from PIL import Image, ImageOps

display_rgb = np.power(np.clip(rgb / 0.3, 0, 1), 1 / 2.2)
image = Image.fromarray((display_rgb * 255).astype(np.uint8))
image = ImageOps.autocontrast(image, cutoff=0.5)
image.save("sentinel2-sandwich-harbour.png")

Cloud-free Sentinel-2 RGB image of Sandwich Harbour and the Namib dune coast

Next steps

Create a Sentinel-1 radar image

Render an all-weather SAR observation over Venice.

Read and download assets

Learn about streaming, downloads, GeoTIFF access, and location selection.